Topic sentences are signals in the body of the paper to the reader that you are keeping your promise to discuss what’s in the thesis or to help lead the reader logically through your thoughts. The passenger knows to mentally check off one of the points on the map. Use point (or topic sentences) to signal your discussion of each point in the thesis. It used to be where the railroad would add an extra engine to help the coal trains make it up the mountain. On your way to Moab you might say to your passenger as you approach Helper, You’ll give your readers a topic sentence, or point sentence, about each of the “towns” listed in the thesis. Think of each point in your outline as a town on the map. To properly cover the subject, you’ll want to have a few paragraphs for each of the points. According to the outline above, the rhetorical analysis essay will have three major points: ethos, pathos, and logos. (By the end of the essay, readers should see that Anne Lamott is effective.)ĭon’t confuse major points for paragraphs. (You should arrive in Moab without delays or detours.)Īnne Lamott is effective in helping her readers know they don’t have to write perfect drafts.
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You and your passengers have all agreed to go to Moab, and they trust you as the driver to take them there. The points in your thesis will be the sections of your outline. Your thesis will help you set up a map or outline of the paper. Just as map will show you to drive through Provo, Spanish Fork, Helper, Price, and Green River to get to Moab, if your audience is told they will be passing through Ethos, Pathos, and Logos, you’d better deliver and in that order. Second, it uses “guiding words” to show what the paper talks about and in which order. Having a thesis statement that’s actually a paragraph may feel weird, but it’s perfectly acceptable. Finally, Lamott suggests a logical solution to overcoming the fear of writing: simply write a terrible draft.Ī few things to notice in this thesis: First, it’s longer than a sentence. Her appeal to pathos helps readers connect emotionally through her humor. She uses her ethos as a writer to convince her readers to shun perfectionism. We found ourselves 70 miles down I-15 in Scipio and, after stopping at one of the only two gas stations for instructions, realized we’d added 74 miles and an hour to our drive.Īnne Lamott, in her essay “Shitty First Drafts,” effectively reassures her readers that the writing process is messy and doesn’t need to be perfect in the first drafting stages. On one road trip, my friends and I missed the exit for Hwy 6 that led to Price. You’d get the general idea in your head and mentally check off each town as you passed. Highway 6 will lead to Helper and Price, where it merges with Highway 191 and leads to Green River and then on to Moab. You’d need to know to travel through Provo, then Spanish Fork, and-this is important-take the Highway 6 exit from I-15 at Spanish Fork. In the days before Google Maps, when you went on a road trip, you needed to know the route. YOUR THESIS IS YOUR ROADMAP Don’t Leave Your Readers Stranded in Scipio: Map Out Your Essay with a Thesis
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Two ideas about how to make sense to your reader as they take a trip through your paper are to use a thesis as your roadmap and to use “quotation sandwiches” to integrate sources. The road metaphor is a good one when considering how to make sense to your audience. You expect they will drive safely and go where you both agreed to go. It’s like when you get in the car with a friend. It’s an unspoken contract, but readers and writers rely on it. If you read this, I promise to make sense. When you write something, you’re basically making a contract with the reader.
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These mishaps occur frequently when we text, and they are often humorous because, as readers, we expect what we read to make sense. It was important for the nurse to know the status of grandma’s digestive tract, but my neighbor mistakenly clicked on my name in her contacts instead of the nurse. My neighbor, whose grandmother lived with her, meant to text the home health nurse. Before I could respond with a question mark, she quickly texted again: There were no other messages she’d sent that were contingent to this new, cryptic text. To speak in rhetorical terms, I had no context. I had no idea what this random text meant. I hadn’t heard from my neighbor since the day before, when we were coordinating carpool.
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Pack Snacks: Use the Quotation Sandwich.